MLB/Players/Ian Happ
Ian Happ

IAN HAPP

LF · Chicago Cubs · 20172026 · 1,277 games
1,277
CAREER GAMES · REGULAR SEASON
10 seasons
.244
CAREER BATTING AVERAGE
1,059 hits in 4,342 at-bats
196
CAREER HOME RUNS
619 RBI · 74 stolen bases
0.00
CAREER ERA
1.0 innings · 0 strikeouts
0-0
CAREER RECORD
WHIP 1.00

01/Hitting

Season by season
Regular season
SeasonClubGABRH2B3BHRRBIBBSOSBAVGOBPSLGOPS
2026CHC137493811082422362701754.219.316.416.732
2025CHC150569871383202379871516.243.343.420.763
2024CHC1535698913834225868016813.243.336.441.777
2023CHC1585808614435421849915314.248.358.431.789
2022CHC158573721554221772581499.271.338.440.777
2021CHC148465631052012566621569.226.317.434.751
2020CHC571982751111122830631.258.355.505.860
2019CHC58140253771113015392.264.335.564.900
2018CHC14339156912021544701678.233.349.409.758
2017CHC11536462921732468391298.253.325.514.839
Career1,2774,3426481,059242181966196101,35074.244.337.443.780

02/Pitching

Season by season
Regular season
SeasonClubGWLIPHERBBSOHRERAWHIP
2018CHC1001.0100000.001.00
Career1001.0100000.001.00

04/Every pitch

2024 Regular season
Play log from 2015
Spray chart · 403 batted balls
Pop Out · 69.7 mph · 139 ftGroundout · 90.0 mph · 11 ftGroundout · 81.3 mph · 5 ftFielder’s choice · 91.4 mph · 9 ftGroundout · 96.6 mph · 64 ftGrounded into a double play · 72.6 mph · 14 ftGroundout · 85.1 mph · 9 ftFlyout · 87.3 mph · 226 ftGroundout · 65.5 mph · 5 ftGroundout · 91.1 mph · 8 ftPop Out · 77.9 mph · 151 ftLineout · 80.8 mph · 159 ftGroundout · 57.6 mph · 8 ftFlyout · 99.3 mph · 367 ftPop Out · 71.6 mph · 158 ftGroundout · 64.4 mph · 5 ftLineout · 82.7 mph · 312 ftFlyout · 95.7 mph · 361 ftGroundout · 94.1 mph · 51 ftGroundout · 98.2 mph · 43 ftFlyout · 97.4 mph · 380 ftFlyout · 88.2 mph · 301 ftGroundout · 85.9 mph · 16 ftPop Out · 76.7 mph · 200 ftGroundout · 68.5 mph · 4 ftLineout · 107.8 mph · 371 ftPop Out · 93.5 mph · 160 ftFlyout · 99.2 mph · 240 ftGroundout · 96.8 mph · 4 ftGroundout · 71.8 mph · 126 ftGroundout · 90.8 mph · 19 ftGrounded into a double play · 90.7 mph · 6 ftGroundout · 44.2 mph · 3 ftForceout · 107.2 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 94.7 mph · 245 ftPop Out · 79.4 mph · 147 ftGroundout · 84.7 mph · 19 ftFlyout · 92.9 mph · 292 ftFlyout · 86.4 mph · 257 ftForceout · 89.1 mph · 63 ftGroundout · 85.5 mph · 10 ftPop Out · 93.1 mph · 209 ftGroundout · 96.9 mph · 6 ftFlyout · 101.5 mph · 400 ftLineout · 95.1 mph · 302 ftLineout · 103.5 mph · 354 ftGroundout · 76.2 mph · 1 ftGroundout · 83.3 mph · 3 ftFlyout · 90.9 mph · 223 ftFlyout · 87.4 mph · 303 ftGroundout · 98.1 mph · 11 ftGroundout · 86.0 mph · 37 ftGroundout · 85.4 mph · 24 ftLineout · 98.9 mph · 273 ftLineout · 85.0 mph · 269 ftFlyout · 84.8 mph · 305 ftFlyout · 81.7 mph · 282 ftGroundout · 67.7 mph · 10 ftGrounded into a double play · 76.8 mph · 11 ftGroundout · 53.6 mph · 5 ftGroundout · 94.3 mph · 13 ftGroundout · 95.3 mph · 35 ftDouble Play · 91.9 mph · 353 ftGroundout · 71.1 mph · 4 ftGroundout · 37.7 mph · 4 ftGroundout · 100.7 mph · 91 ftFlyout · 94.3 mph · 349 ftPop Out · 79.7 mph · 101 ftFlyout · 92.3 mph · 308 ftFlyout · 94.5 mph · 364 ftGroundout · 83.8 mph · 34 ftGroundout · 94.0 mph · 96 ftPop Out · 75.7 mph · 152 ftField Error · 67.7 mph · 2 ftLineout · 105.3 mph · 388 ftSacrifice fly · 90.5 mph · 310 ftLineout · 84.6 mph · 289 ftGroundout · 103.8 mph · 28 ftGroundout · 108.4 mph · 28 ftPop Out · 90.3 mph · 141 ftLineout · 100.0 mph · 323 ftPop Out · 79.9 mph · 147 ftGroundout · 100.6 mph · 51 ftGroundout · 106.2 mph · 150 ftLineout · 101.7 mph · 342 ftGroundout · 102.7 mph · 20 ftGroundout · 71.6 mph · 24 ftFlyout · 95.3 mph · 194 ftLineout · 86.1 mph · 305 ftPop Out · 67.9 mph · 84 ftGroundout · 98.4 mph · 10 ftFlyout · 91.7 mph · 339 ftGroundout · 105.3 mph · 94 ftGroundout · 77.0 mph · 3 ftLineout · 95.4 mph · 190 ftGroundout · 100.7 mph · 94 ftFlyout · 96.5 mph · 374 ftFlyout · 103.7 mph · 423 ftGrounded into a double play · 103.9 mph · 10 ftFlyout · 78.4 mph · 261 ftFlyout · 95.0 mph · 366 ftPop Out · 68.3 mph · 121 ftFlyout · 88.0 mph · 335 ftFlyout · 96.5 mph · 302 ftGroundout · 88.4 mph · 4 ftLineout · 92.9 mph · 334 ftFlyout · 90.8 mph · 346 ftFlyout · 81.4 mph · 272 ftFlyout · 92.5 mph · 217 ftFlyout · 90.3 mph · 346 ftFlyout · 96.5 mph · 329 ftFlyout · 101.2 mph · 383 ftLineout · 104.4 mph · 318 ftFlyout · 98.2 mph · 360 ftFlyout · 98.3 mph · 363 ftGroundout · 100.0 mph · 8 ftPop Out · 46.4 mph · 45 ftLineout · 87.3 mph · 266 ftForceout · 57.9 mph · 95 ftGroundout · 89.3 mph · 27 ftLineout · 103.4 mph · 164 ftFlyout · 92.1 mph · 279 ftFlyout · 77.9 mph · 247 ftFlyout · 92.9 mph · 359 ftGroundout · 73.0 mph · 3 ftFlyout · 92.5 mph · 327 ftFlyout · 93.9 mph · 318 ftPop Out · 89.2 mph · 152 ftPop Out · 56.6 mph · 157 ftPop Out · 55.7 mph · 160 ftGroundout · 82.3 mph · 134 ftGroundout · 81.3 mph · 3 ftFlyout · 100.0 mph · 345 ftGroundoutGroundout · 85.6 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 102.3 mph · 240 ftGroundout · 98.3 mph · 14 ftLineout · 107.4 mph · 325 ftLineout · 101.4 mph · 358 ftGroundout · 82.5 mph · 3 ftGroundout · 94.8 mph · 8 ftPop Out · 59.1 mph · 81 ftFlyout · 89.1 mph · 329 ftGroundout · 95.9 mph · 96 ftLineout · 93.1 mph · 334 ftGroundout · 64.9 mph · 7 ftGroundout · 103.2 mph · 4 ftLineout · 92.1 mph · 334 ftLineout · 90.5 mph · 288 ftFlyout · 100.9 mph · 252 ftFlyout · 77.4 mph · 220 ftFlyout · 94.6 mph · 371 ftPop Out · 79.3 mph · 140 ftFlyout · 83.0 mph · 221 ftFlyout · 97.1 mph · 347 ftGroundout · 109.7 mph · 12 ftFlyout · 82.2 mph · 285 ftFlyout · 82.2 mph · 290 ftLineout · 99.6 mph · 264 ftGroundout · 72.8 mph · 5 ftFlyout · 100.7 mph · 383 ftField Error · 94.5 mph · 4 ftGroundout · 94.9 mph · 3 ftFlyout · 91.9 mph · 252 ftFlyout · 89.2 mph · 289 ftGroundout · 105.0 mph · 80 ftFlyout · 100.7 mph · 327 ftGroundout · 71.2 mph · 7 ftGroundout · 85.4 mph · 12 ftFlyout · 79.5 mph · 214 ftFlyout · 97.2 mph · 343 ftForceout · 68.0 mph · 23 ftLineout · 81.9 mph · 283 ftFlyout · 83.2 mph · 214 ftPop Out · 65.5 mph · 89 ftGroundout · 96.9 mph · 12 ftGroundout · 90.7 mph · 5 ftFlyout · 101.6 mph · 388 ftFlyout · 97.2 mph · 278 ftFlyout · 90.8 mph · 199 ftFlyout · 89.9 mph · 221 ftPop Out · 89.4 mph · 87 ftFlyout · 94.9 mph · 362 ftGroundout · 98.2 mph · 9 ftGroundout · 75.4 mph · 24 ftGroundout · 92.4 mph · 28 ftPop Out · 82.5 mph · 174 ftGroundout · 92.7 mph · 7 ftPop Out · 97.8 mph · 164 ftGroundout · 52.0 mph · 17 ftLineout · 97.3 mph · 303 ftSacrifice fly · 99.5 mph · 352 ftPop Out · 97.5 mph · 171 ftFlyout · 95.0 mph · 324 ftFlyout · 96.1 mph · 296 ftGroundout · 81.8 mph · 49 ftGroundout · 57.7 mph · 75 ftGroundout · 88.2 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 80.0 mph · 298 ftFlyout · 86.5 mph · 322 ftFlyout · 82.5 mph · 263 ftFlyout · 101.1 mph · 244 ftGroundout · 99.5 mph · 7 ftFlyout · 94.6 mph · 352 ftPop Out · 81.4 mph · 135 ftGrounded into a double play · 105.8 mph · 50 ftFlyout · 96.8 mph · 352 ftPop Out · 93.9 mph · 163 ftFlyout · 98.5 mph · 335 ftFlyout · 82.9 mph · 263 ftFlyout · 104.4 mph · 322 ftGroundout · 97.2 mph · 53 ftGroundout · 87.8 mph · 3 ftGroundout · 71.2 mph · 6 ftDouble Play · 99.4 mph · 151 ftForceout · 85.4 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 82.6 mph · 294 ftGroundout · 106.7 mph · 82 ftGroundout · 66.3 mph · 2 ftLineout · 96.4 mph · 309 ftFlyout · 81.0 mph · 236 ftPop Out · 71.5 mph · 81 ftPop Out · 64.8 mph · 139 ftGroundout · 90.9 mph · 70 ftGroundout · 108.9 mph · 17 ftFlyout · 100.7 mph · 372 ftGroundout · 66.0 mph · 3 ftGroundout · 79.8 mph · 6 ftForceout · 74.4 mph · 38 ftFlyout · 95.3 mph · 306 ftFlyout · 92.2 mph · 306 ftGroundout · 93.4 mph · 7 ftGrounded into a double play · 73.1 mph · 13 ftGroundout · 84.7 mph · 11 ftFlyout · 96.4 mph · 289 ftFlyout · 92.3 mph · 347 ftFlyout · 96.9 mph · 377 ftLineout · 97.7 mph · 332 ftFlyout · 87.9 mph · 243 ftGroundout · 88.4 mph · 6 ftGroundout · 106.2 mph · 64 ftPop Out · 77.9 mph · 58 ftLineout · 93.2 mph · 301 ftPop Out · 81.2 mph · 84 ftGroundout · 90.2 mph · 10 ftLineout · 103.9 mph · 273 ftGroundout · 65.5 mph · 6 ftLineout · 78.6 mph · 165 ftGroundout · 84.8 mph · 28 ftFlyout · 87.9 mph · 298 ftGroundout · 74.9 mph · 55 ftGroundout · 87.2 mph · 119 ftLineout · 101.7 mph · 346 ftGroundout · 61.6 mph · 2 ftGrounded into a double play · 109.0 mph · 10 ftFlyout · 94.6 mph · 344 ftFlyout · 95.8 mph · 348 ftFlyout · 91.9 mph · 315 ftGroundout · 92.3 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 93.7 mph · 330 ftGroundout · 64.3 mph · 3 ftForceout · 113.5 mph · 24 ftLineout · 72.0 mph · 115 ftGroundout · 93.1 mph · 5 ftGroundout · 82.0 mph · 59 ftSingle · 75.8 mph · 165 ftSingle · 106.0 mph · 117 ftDouble · 93.9 mph · 251 ftSingle · 82.1 mph · 166 ftSingle · 104.2 mph · 273 ftDouble · 104.4 mph · 107 ftSingle · 84.3 mph · 270 ftSingle · 66.3 mph · 177 ftSingle · 67.3 mph · 150 ftDouble · 104.0 mph · 399 ftHome Run · 107.0 mph · 439 ftSingle · 83.9 mph · 208 ftDouble · 108.4 mph · 284 ftHome Run · 107.1 mph · 409 ftHome Run · 107.1 mph · 425 ftHome Run · 101.2 mph · 398 ftDouble · 97.0 mph · 130 ftSingle · 93.1 mph · 223 ftDouble · 104.3 mph · 263 ftSingle · 108.2 mph · 18 ftSingle · 98.3 mph · 216 ftSingle · 98.6 mph · 55 ftDouble · 103.9 mph · 173 ftDouble · 108.0 mph · 385 ftDouble · 104.1 mph · 370 ftSingle · 98.2 mph · 19 ftDouble · 107.7 mph · 151 ftSingle · 43.9 mph · 94 ftDouble · 105.8 mph · 347 ftHome Run · 102.6 mph · 394 ftDouble · 99.3 mph · 349 ftHome Run · 98.6 mph · 367 ftSingle · 68.7 mph · 212 ftDouble · 91.8 mph · 193 ftSingle · 70.9 mph · 3 ftDouble · 105.8 mph · 363 ftSingle · 109.3 mph · 37 ftHome Run · 103.6 mph · 401 ftSingle · 73.3 mph · 227 ftSingle · 71.9 mph · 196 ftSingle · 105.0 mph · 93 ftSingle · 103.2 mph · 8 ftSingle · 70.5 mph · 228 ftSingle · 100.3 mph · 41 ftSingle · 91.5 mph · 155 ftSingle · 97.1 mph · 116 ftSingle · 86.0 mph · 97 ftSingle · 88.0 mph · 263 ftHome Run · 106.6 mph · 429 ftSingle · 83.2 mph · 95 ftDouble · 106.0 mph · 102 ftHome Run · 105.3 mph · 424 ftSingle · 104.9 mph · 194 ftDouble · 106.4 mph · 212 ftHome Run · 107.1 mph · 394 ftSingle · 104.9 mph · 41 ftSingle · 103.8 mph · 67 ftSingle · 102.1 mph · 18 ftSingle · 100.4 mph · 47 ftSingle · 111.4 mph · 222 ftSingle · 68.4 mph · 1 ftSingle · 69.3 mph · 232 ftDouble · 101.4 mph · 329 ftSingle · 95.2 mph · 276 ftSingle · 107.5 mph · 80 ftHome Run · 102.0 mph · 385 ftSingle · 107.0 mph · 88 ftHome Run · 100.3 mph · 364 ftSingle · 96.6 mph · 260 ftTriple · 102.3 mph · 15 ftSingle · 88.5 mph · 282 ftSingle · 99.5 mph · 188 ftSingle · 99.0 mph · 14 ftDouble · 106.2 mph · 405 ftSingle · 69.9 mph · 208 ftHome Run · 106.7 mph · 413 ftHome Run · 105.8 mph · 376 ftDouble · 92.3 mph · 89 ftHome Run · 106.0 mph · 433 ftDouble · 92.7 mph · 292 ftSingle · 85.9 mph · 247 ftHome Run · 110.9 mph · 377 ftSingle · 66.2 mph · 88 ftSingle · 82.9 mph · 213 ftSingle · 94.0 mph · 299 ftHome Run · 112.0 mph · 381 ftHome Run · 108.8 mph · 414 ftDouble · 69.3 mph · 19 ftDouble · 107.4 mph · 245 ftSingle · 81.8 mph · 172 ftSingle · 77.0 mph · 265 ftSingle · 94.0 mph · 120 ftDouble · 106.5 mph · 404 ftHome Run · 104.7 mph · 442 ftSingle · 102.8 mph · 179 ftHome Run · 100.8 mph · 376 ftSingle · 46.9 mph · 16 ftDouble · 93.8 mph · 272 ftSingle · 99.8 mph · 12 ftSingle · 84.7 mph · 25 ftSingle · 106.0 mph · 216 ftHome Run · 102.5 mph · 382 ftSingle · 102.5 mph · 20 ftDouble · 108.4 mph · 408 ftSingle · 102.5 mph · 261 ftDouble · 99.4 mph · 314 ftSingle · 71.1 mph · 211 ftDouble · 98.6 mph · 320 ftDouble · 109.6 mph · 349 ftDouble · 100.9 mph · 229 ftSingle · 101.4 mph · 134 ftHome Run · 100.1 mph · 364 ftHome Run · 110.3 mph · 383 ftSingle · 76.7 mph · 206 ftSingle · 99.2 mph · 90 ftSingle · 25.7 mph · 9 ftSingle · 70.4 mph · 3 ftDouble · 108.6 mph · 412 ftSingle · 104.7 mph · 68 ftSingle · 104.5 mph · 249 ftSingle · 87.5 mph · 244 ftSingle · 108.3 mph · 73 ftDouble · 92.9 mph · 325 ftDouble · 107.3 mph · 383 ftTriple · 108.6 mph · 294 ftSingle · 91.0 mph · 58 ftSingle · 106.9 mph · 123 ftSingle · 66.4 mph · 194 ftSingle · 105.5 mph · 66 ftSingle · 99.0 mph · 61 ftSingle · 82.6 mph · 205 ftDouble · 103.4 mph · 90 ftSingle · 105.3 mph · 267 ftHome Run · 98.4 mph · 395 ftSingle · 105.0 mph · 3 ftDouble · 114.0 mph · 287 ftSingle · 110.2 mph · 46 ftHome Run · 101.8 mph · 348 ft
Hit (138) Out (265) Home run (25)
Average exit velocity 90.6 mph · longest 442 ft
Pitch locations · 0 pitches

No pitches with a location in this window.

Pitch mix

No pitch types recorded in this window.


05/Game log

2024
Regular season
DateOppResultABRHHRRBIBBSOIPHERBBSO
MAR 28@ TEXL 344000011
MAR 30@ TEXL 2113010000
MAR 31@ TEXW 955140310
APR 1vs COLW 503110011
APR 2vs COLW 1224220110
APR 3vs COLW 984010012
APR 5vs LADW 974210211
APR 6vs LADL 144010012
APR 7vs LADW 815220001
APR 8@ SDL 894210212
APR 9@ SDW 514100012
APR 10@ SDL 2103000011
APR 12@ SEAL 243000011
APR 13@ SEAW 414000000
APR 14@ SEAW 324000002
APR 15@ AZW 326010001
APR 16@ AZL 11125331400
APR 17@ AZW 534000010
APR 19vs MIAW 832000012
APR 23vs HOUW 723110011
APR 24vs HOUW 434110002
APR 25vs HOUW 312000011
APR 26@ BOSW 715010002
APR 27@ BOSL 0173000000
APR 28@ BOSL 454010002
APR 29@ NYMW 313000012
APR 30@ NYML 243000010
MAY 1@ NYMW 104010003
MAY 2@ NYML 673100022
MAY 3vs MILL 134020000
MAY 4vs MILW 653120011
MAY 5vs MILW 503010011
MAY 6vs SDL 364000013
MAY 7vs SDW 324010001
MAY 8vs SDL 032000012
MAY 10@ PITW 725120101
MAY 11@ PITL 9104100001
MAY 12@ PITW 544010001
MAY 13@ ATLL 024000003
MAY 16vs PITL 454111101
MAY 17vs PITL 393100012
MAY 18vs PITW 102000010
MAY 19vs PITL 234000001
MAY 21vs ATLW 435010001
MAY 22vs ATLL 293120001
MAY 23vs ATLL 033010012
MAY 25@ STLL 671000000
MAY 26@ STLL 343222311
MAY 27@ MILL 153000001
MAY 28@ MILW 635110202
MAY 29@ MILL 6104221200
MAY 30@ MILL 464000000
MAY 31vs CINL 453111310
JUN 1vs CINW 753000002
JUN 2vs CINL 253010000
JUN 4vs CWSW 764230201
JUN 5vs CWSW 764010101
JUN 6@ CINL 484000002
JUN 7@ CINL 234000002
JUN 8@ CINL 343000020
JUN 9@ CINW 423010321
JUN 11@ TBL 254000002
JUN 12@ TBW 433000011
JUN 14vs STLL 033000011
JUN 15vs STLW 513121311
JUN 16vs STLL 123120011
JUN 17vs SFL 673121310
JUN 18vs SFW 524220102
JUN 19vs SFW 654121102
JUN 21vs NYML 1113000002
JUN 22vs NYMW 814000101
JUN 23vs NYML 254110002
JUN 24@ SFL 453000121
JUN 25@ SFL 154000000
JUN 26@ SFL 343110011
JUN 27@ SFW 533111221
JUN 28@ MILL 243110011
JUN 29@ MILW 532211210
JUN 30@ MILL 172000011
JUL 2vs PHIL 464000003
JUL 3vs PHIL 353210011
JUL 4vs PHIW 1024242600
JUL 5vs LAAW 513020210
JUL 6vs LAAL 073000000
JUL 7vs LAAW 503010010
JUL 9@ BALW 924221311
JUL 10@ BALW 404000002
JUL 11@ BALW 804110102
JUL 12@ STLW 514110002
JUL 13@ STLL 454000012
JUL 13@ STLL 3112110000
JUL 14@ STLW 834121100
JUL 19vs AZL 253000102
JUL 20vs AZL 033000012
JUL 21vs AZW 213000011
JUL 22vs MILW 314111102
JUL 23vs MILL 014010001
JUL 24vs MILL 234010100
JUL 26@ KCL 063000010
JUL 27@ KCW 945000001
JUL 28@ KCW 734110012
JUL 29@ CINL 174010000
JUL 30@ CINL 364100010
JUL 31@ CINW 1344331210
AUG 1vs STLW 544000003
AUG 2vs STLW 634000001
AUG 3vs STLL 453100011
AUG 5vs MINL 033010012
AUG 6vs MINW 734000000
AUG 7vs MINW 825211202
AUG 9@ CWSW 765121103
AUG 10@ CWSW 314010011
AUG 12@ CLEL 892311230
AUG 13@ CLEL 124010003
AUG 14@ CLEL 164010002
AUG 16vs TORW 654321110
AUG 17vs TORW 324111102
AUG 18vs TORL 013000011
AUG 20vs DETW 313110011
AUG 21vs DETL 284000001
AUG 22vs DETW 1024110010
AUG 23@ MIAW 635121200
AUG 24@ MIAW 1424100011
AUG 25@ MIAL 275030102
AUG 26@ PITW 1883020011
AUG 27@ PITW 955010003
AUG 28@ PITW 14104230220
AUG 30@ WSHW 765120102
AUG 31@ WSHW 534000102
SEP 1@ WSHW 1415220102
SEP 2vs PITL 354020200
SEP 3vs PITL 054010002
SEP 4vs PITW 1204120200
SEP 6vs NYYL 034000002
SEP 7vs NYYL 023010010
SEP 8vs NYYW 214010001
SEP 9@ LADW 1045010002
SEP 10@ LADW 634100012
SEP 11@ LADL 8105110001
SEP 13@ COLL 594110011
SEP 14@ COLL 565020100
SEP 15@ COLW 624020020
SEP 16vs W 925110100
SEP 17vs L 345232200
SEP 18vs L 354000002
SEP 19vs WSHW 765230001
SEP 20vs WSHW 314000002
SEP 21vs WSHL 153000011
SEP 24@ PHIW 1043100121
SEP 25@ PHIL 694000010
SEP 27vs CINW 103010000
SEP 28vs CINW 305010000
SEP 29vs CINL 034000011

Regular season and postseason are separate tables and are never summed into one career line; spring training is excluded entirely. Hitting and pitching come from different source rows, so a two-way player has both tables and neither borrows from the other. Innings pitched is summed as outs and converted once: the stored value counts thirds, so “6.1” means six innings and one out, and adding those as decimals understates a career. ERA and WHIP are computed from those totals rather than averaged across seasons. On-base percentage is (H + BB) over (AB + BB), which runs slightly under the official figure because the source rows carry no hit-by-pitch or sacrifice fly. The charts cover 2015 onward only, and the spray chart plots batted balls with a recorded landing spot: a strikeout or a walk has no location and is not a missing dot. Its field is a representative park, not the one the ball was hit in, because a spray chart pooled across a season is hit in thirty different outfields.