MLB/Players/Xander Bogaerts
Xander Bogaerts

XANDER BOGAERTS

SS · San Diego Padres · 20132026 · 1,800 games
1,800
CAREER GAMES · REGULAR SEASON
14 seasons
.282
CAREER BATTING AVERAGE
1,922 hits in 6,805 at-bats
208
CAREER HOME RUNS
890 RBI · 145 stolen bases

01/Hitting

Season by season
Regular season
SeasonClubGABRH2B3BHRRBIBBSOSBAVGOBPSLGOPS
2026SD134456521001401152669519.219.318.322.640
2025SD136491631293001153489420.263.328.391.719
2024SD111428501131511144287913.264.309.381.690
2023SD1555968317031219585611019.285.347.440.786
2022BOS150557841713801573571188.307.371.456.827
2021BOS144529901563412379621135.295.369.493.862
2020BOS56203366180112821418.300.366.502.869
2019BOS15561411019052033117761224.309.386.555.941
2018BOS1365137214845323103551028.288.357.522.880
2017BOS1485719415632610625611615.273.338.403.741
2016BOS15765211519234121895812313.294.352.446.798
2015BOS156613841963537813210110.320.353.421.774
2014BOS144538601292811246391382.240.291.362.654
2013BOS184471120155131.250.327.364.690
Career1,8006,8051,0001,922398182088906591,365145.282.346.438.784

04/Where the ball went

2025 Regular season
Play log from 2015
Spray chart · 406 batted balls
Flyout · 99.6 mph · 357 ftGroundout · 81.3 mph · 37 ftLineout · 95.6 mph · 123 ftFlyout · 102.1 mph · 400 ftGroundout · 73.7 mph · 10 ftGroundout · 89.4 mph · 52 ftFlyout · 100.2 mph · 343 ftForceout · 103.6 mph · 57 ftGroundout · 103.1 mph · 41 ftLineout · 96.6 mph · 360 ftPop Out · 90.0 mph · 181 ftFlyout · 98.8 mph · 374 ftGroundout · 94.9 mph · 14 ftLineout · 98.7 mph · 326 ftGrounded into a double play · 99.8 mph · 40 ftSacrifice fly · 94.4 mph · 355 ftGroundout · 98.5 mph · 10 ftGroundout · 60.9 mph · 12 ftSacrifice fly · 78.7 mph · 269 ftFlyout · 89.6 mph · 248 ftGrounded into a double play · 72.3 mph · 57 ftFlyout · 105.6 mph · 370 ftGroundout · 44.3 mph · 7 ftGroundout · 45.3 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 91.5 mph · 331 ftGroundout · 95.4 mph · 5 ftGroundout · 89.9 mph · 105 ftGroundout · 96.8 mph · 69 ftLineout · 90.3 mph · 317 ftGroundout · 93.5 mph · 13 ftLineout · 87.9 mph · 285 ftLineout · 78.6 mph · 271 ftGroundout · 74.1 mph · 15 ftGroundout · 98.4 mph · 89 ftFlyout · 88.6 mph · 326 ftGroundout · 39.9 mph · 9 ftPop Out · 90.7 mph · 158 ftGroundout · 57.4 mph · 6 ftGroundout · 107.0 mph · 32 ftGroundout · 91.4 mph · 8 ftGroundout · 74.6 mph · 58 ftGroundout · 88.2 mph · 15 ftFlyout · 94.0 mph · 344 ftGroundout · 66.1 mph · 54 ftLineout · 103.2 mph · 303 ftGroundout · 84.7 mph · 25 ftFlyout · 98.6 mph · 334 ftPop Out · 64.9 mph · 90 ftLineout · 96.6 mph · 330 ftPop Out · 87.8 mph · 79 ftSacrifice fly · 94.1 mph · 258 ftGroundout · 53.4 mph · 26 ftGroundout · 80.4 mph · 5 ftFlyout · 103.7 mph · 401 ftGroundout · 76.6 mph · 20 ftFlyout · 87.2 mph · 250 ftGroundout · 99.5 mph · 16 ftFlyout · 101.7 mph · 359 ftGroundout · 98.7 mph · 92 ftGroundout · 63.7 mph · 8 ftLineout · 79.3 mph · 278 ftGroundout · 83.9 mph · 52 ftGroundout · 94.9 mph · 5 ftLineout · 101.4 mph · 306 ftPop Out · 69.1 mph · 54 ftGrounded into a double play · 105.3 mph · 7 ftGroundout · 108.9 mph · 93 ftGrounded into a double play · 105.6 mph · 45 ftForceout · 91.0 mph · 12 ftGroundout · 107.6 mph · 59 ftPop Out · 70.0 mph · 173 ftGroundout · 81.2 mph · 4 ftGroundout · 80.1 mph · 18 ftFlyout · 86.9 mph · 312 ftFlyout · 96.7 mph · 365 ftFlyout · 87.8 mph · 314 ftLineout · 87.1 mph · 267 ftFlyout · 82.7 mph · 262 ftFlyout · 100.1 mph · 391 ftFielder’s choice out · 48.4 mph · 4 ftFlyout · 87.2 mph · 204 ftGroundout · 105.1 mph · 6 ftLineout · 108.7 mph · 304 ftGroundout · 70.1 mph · 12 ftFlyout · 97.6 mph · 376 ftFlyout · 94.5 mph · 293 ftLineout · 92.5 mph · 278 ftFlyout · 76.2 mph · 263 ftGroundout · 60.2 mph · 7 ftFlyout · 75.8 mph · 273 ftLineout · 93.1 mph · 313 ftGroundout · 107.7 mph · 9 ftPop Out · 95.9 mph · 177 ftLineout · 107.2 mph · 288 ftSacrifice bunt · 40.0 mph · 3 ftFlyout · 95.6 mph · 329 ftLineout · 74.2 mph · 170 ftGroundout · 84.2 mph · 10 ftGroundout · 94.2 mph · 10 ftGroundout · 68.6 mph · 8 ftFlyout · 101.9 mph · 386 ftLineout · 86.2 mph · 249 ftLineout · 92.1 mph · 263 ftForceout · 61.1 mph · 8 ftLineout · 100.0 mph · 323 ftGroundout · 82.6 mph · 7 ftForceout · 82.7 mph · 29 ftGroundout · 79.3 mph · 58 ftGroundout · 80.5 mph · 6 ftFlyout · 81.5 mph · 259 ftForceout · 104.7 mph · 80 ftLineout · 85.1 mph · 307 ftFlyout · 95.6 mph · 341 ftGroundout · 90.5 mph · 12 ftGroundout · 98.6 mph · 13 ftGroundout · 62.1 mph · 22 ftGroundout · 96.2 mph · 84 ftGroundout · 38.9 mph · 7 ftFlyout · 95.0 mph · 330 ftGroundout · 101.7 mph · 82 ftGroundout · 103.9 mph · 12 ftGroundout · 74.5 mph · 1 ftLineout · 78.2 mph · 175 ftGroundout · 94.5 mph · 6 ftFlyout · 92.9 mph · 292 ftPop Out · 67.8 mph · 141 ftGroundout · 83.1 mph · 72 ftGroundout · 103.3 mph · 15 ftForceout · 92.2 mph · 12 ftGrounded into a double play · 98.7 mph · 13 ftGrounded into a double play · 85.9 mph · 9 ftGroundout · 77.4 mph · 10 ftFlyout · 91.7 mph · 296 ftGroundout · 89.1 mph · 3 ftLineout · 84.7 mph · 290 ftPop Out · 69.6 mph · 118 ftLineout · 84.1 mph · 161 ftLineout · 82.8 mph · 310 ftGroundout · 71.1 mph · 73 ftGrounded into a double play · 102.5 mph · 11 ftGroundout · 86.5 mph · 21 ftFlyout · 103.5 mph · 395 ftGroundout · 66.3 mph · 80 ftSacrifice fly · 85.2 mph · 276 ftLineout · 109.2 mph · 317 ftFlyout · 98.3 mph · 375 ftFlyout · 83.5 mph · 180 ftFlyout · 88.8 mph · 295 ftLineout · 94.4 mph · 317 ftGroundout · 92.4 mph · 24 ftLineout · 105.8 mph · 336 ftGroundout · 79.7 mph · 4 ftForceout · 91.8 mph · 17 ftGroundout · 102.8 mph · 47 ftFlyout · 96.5 mph · 330 ftPop Out · 81.9 mph · 112 ftFlyout · 94.9 mph · 330 ftFlyout · 85.5 mph · 264 ftFlyout · 92.2 mph · 281 ftPop Out · 80.2 mph · 37 ftFlyout · 79.3 mph · 207 ftFlyout · 92.1 mph · 323 ftGroundoutFlyout · 93.8 mph · 336 ftGroundout · 71.2 mph · 12 ftGroundout · 90.7 mph · 17 ftFlyout · 91.2 mph · 293 ftLineout · 102.5 mph · 316 ftGroundout · 106.7 mph · 11 ftFlyout · 87.8 mph · 254 ftGroundout · 98.0 mph · 16 ftPop Out · 81.9 mph · 155 ftGroundout · 87.2 mph · 10 ftGroundout · 92.1 mph · 27 ftLineout · 96.0 mph · 136 ftForceout · 97.9 mph · 6 ftPop Out · 82.3 mph · 102 ftFlyout · 99.0 mph · 360 ftFlyout · 98.0 mph · 361 ftFlyout · 99.4 mph · 323 ftFlyout · 84.4 mph · 289 ftGroundout · 75.4 mph · 8 ftPop Out · 78.0 mph · 103 ftPop Out · 88.7 mph · 193 ftGroundout · 65.2 mph · 118 ftForceout · 84.9 mph · 6 ftGroundout · 108.4 mph · 15 ftLineout · 106.7 mph · 186 ftGroundout · 71.6 mph · 3 ftLineout · 80.9 mph · 270 ftLineout · 110.8 mph · 320 ftGroundout · 106.0 mph · 96 ftGroundout · 79.5 mph · 8 ftLineout · 70.0 mph · 148 ftLineout · 91.9 mph · 304 ftGroundout · 82.9 mph · 21 ftLineout · 84.6 mph · 259 ftLineout · 101.6 mph · 355 ftGroundout · 89.1 mph · 5 ftPop Out · 78.6 mph · 85 ftFielder’s choice · 83.2 mph · 10 ftGroundout · 95.7 mph · 25 ftFlyout · 103.8 mph · 386 ftField Error · 84.8 mph · 3 ftSacrifice fly · 102.4 mph · 328 ftLineout · 98.8 mph · 372 ftFlyout · 79.0 mph · 304 ftGroundout · 2 ftPop Out · 89.4 mph · 146 ftDouble Play · 106.6 mph · 143 ftLineout · 85.9 mph · 168 ftSacrifice fly · 84.4 mph · 291 ftGroundout · 77.9 mph · 49 ftSacrifice fly · 96.0 mph · 306 ftGroundout · 66.4 mph · 7 ftFlyout · 87.7 mph · 264 ftGroundout · 89.8 mph · 7 ftGroundout · 104.6 mph · 7 ftGrounded into a double play · 100.9 mph · 9 ftGrounded into a double play · 84.4 mph · 108 ftLineout · 89.9 mph · 302 ftGroundout · 79.2 mph · 3 ftLineout · 100.3 mph · 358 ftPop Out · 76.0 mph · 148 ftFlyout · 98.6 mph · 348 ftFlyout · 93.8 mph · 312 ftLineout · 103.0 mph · 175 ftGroundout · 47.0 mph · 64 ftFlyout · 87.9 mph · 252 ftGroundout · 80.0 mph · 131 ftGroundout · 74.3 mph · 13 ftPop Out · 81.9 mph · 74 ftPop Out · 55.6 mph · 137 ftLineout · 91.8 mph · 293 ftLineout · 99.4 mph · 365 ftFlyout · 85.0 mph · 225 ftGroundout · 37.8 mph · 4 ftForceout · 77.2 mph · 17 ftDouble Play · 109.4 mph · 180 ftFlyout · 90.0 mph · 322 ftFlyout · 90.7 mph · 246 ftGroundout · 79.5 mph · 4 ftGroundout · 77.7 mph · 37 ftFlyout · 73.8 mph · 201 ftLineout · 95.4 mph · 323 ftPop Out · 85.2 mph · 95 ftFlyout · 98.2 mph · 326 ftGrounded into a double play · 88.4 mph · 14 ftFlyout · 87.5 mph · 243 ftForceout · 77.4 mph · 19 ftFlyout · 91.0 mph · 272 ftFlyout · 97.5 mph · 367 ftFlyout · 96.4 mph · 368 ftFlyout · 98.1 mphGroundout · 68.4 mph · 40 ftSacrifice fly · 85.6 mph · 292 ftGroundout · 86.9 mph · 11 ftGroundout · 105.3 mph · 15 ftFlyout · 90.3 mph · 327 ftLineout · 99.8 mph · 326 ftFlyout · 92.3 mph · 304 ftFielder’s choice out · 89.6 mph · 16 ftFlyout · 76.8 mph · 272 ftGrounded into a double play · 95.9 mph · 55 ftFlyout · 101.0 mph · 372 ftFlyout · 75.7 mph · 239 ftLineout · 101.1 mph · 353 ftFlyout · 94.9 mph · 334 ftLineout · 86.0 mph · 250 ftFielder’s choice · 82.4 mph · 49 ftLineout · 79.9 mph · 278 ftGrounded into a double play · 101.7 mph · 7 ftFielder’s choice · 100.6 mph · 8 ftLineout · 76.3 mph · 254 ftForceout · 73.6 mph · 10 ftFlyout · 89.0 mph · 269 ftPop Out · 89.9 mph · 169 ftDouble · 87.5 mph · 267 ftHome Run · 109.2 mph · 424 ftSingle · 64.3 mph · 179 ftSingle · 77.1 mph · 231 ftSingle · 75.6 mph · 32 ftSingle · 34.4 mph · 8 ftSingle · 59.7 mph · 167 ftSingle · 102.9 mph · 104 ftDouble · 97.5 mph · 267 ftSingle · 102.6 mph · 15 ftDouble · 85.4 mph · 145 ftSingle · 92.8 mph · 173 ftDouble · 108.9 mph · 258 ftDouble · 96.3 mph · 349 ftSingle · 86.8 mph · 118 ftSingle · 76.7 mph · 247 ftHome Run · 92.3 mph · 358 ftSingle · 86.1 mph · 275 ftHome Run · 107.1 mph · 421 ftDouble · 101.2 mph · 354 ftHome Run · 105.8 mph · 419 ftSingle · 105.9 mph · 10 ftSingle · 82.0 mph · 125 ftSingle · 71.9 mph · 3 ftSingle · 67.3 mph · 226 ftSingle · 83.3 mph · 7 ftSingle · 104.5 mph · 62 ftSingle · 72.1 mph · 216 ftDouble · 111.0 mph · 312 ftSingle · 99.3 mph · 212 ftHome Run · 97.8 mph · 375 ftSingle · 71.5 mph · 177 ftSingle · 94.8 mph · 58 ftDouble · 100.2 mph · 362 ftSingle · 93.4 mph · 201 ftDouble · 91.0 mph · 21 ftDouble · 101.2 mph · 393 ftHome Run · 100.3 mph · 390 ftSingle · 101.6 mph · 137 ftSingle · 98.4 mph · 12 ftDouble · 72.1 mph · 226 ftSingle · 38.0 mph · 4 ftSingle · 109.7 mph · 39 ftSingle · 73.4 mph · 113 ftSingle · 89.7 mph · 256 ftSingle · 106.2 mph · 126 ftDouble · 101.6 mph · 52 ftSingle · 83.2 mph · 43 ftSingle · 105.1 mph · 202 ftSingle · 100.0 mph · 271 ftSingle · 75.1 mph · 253 ftSingle · 69.1 mph · 228 ftSingle · 97.6 mph · 226 ftSingle · 75.8 mph · 173 ftDouble · 98.9 mph · 377 ftSingle · 93.6 mph · 201 ftSingle · 59.7 mph · 4 ftDouble · 91.6 mph · 323 ftHome Run · 99.8 mph · 389 ftDouble · 101.6 mph · 26 ftSingle · 106.5 mph · 27 ftDouble · 110.2 mph · 194 ftSingle · 89.0 mph · 262 ftSingle · 100.7 mph · 11 ftSingle · 71.5 mph · 223 ftSingle · 86.6 mph · 213 ftSingle · 99.3 mph · 8 ftHome Run · 101.9 mph · 401 ftSingle · 77.6 mph · 5 ftDouble · 105.5 mph · 381 ftSingle · 92.6 mph · 187 ftDouble · 112.2 mph · 320 ftDouble · 100.1 mph · 322 ftDouble · 108.9 mph · 115 ftSingle · 74.5 mph · 248 ftSingle · 107.3 mph · 129 ftSingle · 106.0 mph · 231 ftSingle · 99.7 mph · 66 ftSingle · 107.4 mph · 248 ftSingle · 86.7 mph · 224 ftSingle · 57.7 mph · 3 ftDouble · 70.3 mph · 104 ftSingle · 85.3 mph · 249 ftSingle · 79.6 mph · 237 ftSingle · 91.9 mph · 15 ftSingle · 97.0 mph · 11 ftSingle · 92.6 mph · 50 ftSingle · 77.3 mph · 137 ftSingle · 96.4 mph · 79 ftSingle · 105.7 mph · 195 ftSingle · 103.5 mph · 289 ftSingle · 68.1 mph · 191 ftSingle · 103.4 mph · 231 ftSingle · 88.1 mph · 228 ftHome Run · 106.6 mph · 393 ftSingle · 102.1 mph · 105 ftSingle · 53.3 mph · 20 ftHome Run · 96.4 mph · 363 ftSingle · 108.9 mph · 18 ftSingle · 75.7 mph · 34 ftSingle · 99.4 mph · 242 ftSingle · 93.8 mph · 43 ftDouble · 109.9 mph · 268 ftSingle · 90.0 mph · 131 ftSingle · 86.4 mph · 42 ftHome Run · 106.8 mph · 350 ftSingle · 97.9 mph · 57 ftSingle · 87.8 mph · 121 ftSingle · 78.6 mph · 256 ftSingle · 87.6 mph · 11 ftDouble · 110.1 mph · 223 ftDouble · 102.4 mph · 352 ftSingle · 93.8 mph · 238 ftDouble · 98.0 mph · 120 ftSingle · 94.7 mph · 68 ftDouble · 96.2 mph · 254 ftSingle · 76.0 mph · 3 ftDouble · 105.1 mph · 97 ftSingle · 101.7 mph · 183 ftSingle · 85.7 mph · 264 ftDouble · 106.1 mph · 124 ftSingle · 1 ftSingle · 108.2 mph · 226 ftSingle · 107.2 mph · 16 ftSingle · 66.8 mph · 149 ftSingle · 70.9 mph · 3 ftDouble · 104.2 mph · 248 ftDouble · 112.2 mph · 140 ftSingle · 97.7 mph · 97 ft
Hit (129) Out (277) Home run (11)
Average exit velocity 88.9 mph · longest 424 ft

05/Game log

2025
Regular season
DateOppResultABRHHRRBIBBSO
MAR 27vs ATLW 743010011
MAR 28vs ATLW 434110101
MAR 29vs ATLW 101000011
MAR 30vs ATLW 503110112
MAR 31vs CLEW 723210011
APR 1vs CLEW 704010101
APR 2vs CLEW 524000000
APR 4@ CHCL 133000010
APR 5@ CHCL 173010011
APR 6@ CHCW 875020100
APR 7@ ATHW 544010000
APR 8@ ATHL 4104120101
APR 9@ ATHW 215230001
APR 11vs COLW 803110011
APR 12vs COLW 203000001
APR 13vs COLW 604020001
APR 14vs CHCW 1043000021
APR 15vs CHCL 124000001
APR 16vs CHCW 423000011
APR 18@ HOUL 464110000
APR 19@ HOUL 231000000
APR 20@ HOUW 324020000
APR 21@ DETL 463010012
APR 22@ DETW 204110000
APR 23@ DETL 063000002
APR 25vs TBL 013000012
APR 26vs TBL 144000001
APR 27vs TBL 243110010
APR 29vs SFW 744221301
APR 30vs SFW 534000002
MAY 2@ PITW 944210011
MAY 3@ PITW 214000002
MAY 4@ PITW 404020310
MAY 5@ NYYW 433020210
MAY 6@ NYYL 3124000001
MAY 7@ NYYL 344010102
MAY 9@ COLW 1392000110
MAY 10@ COLW 2104221101
MAY 11@ COLL 393000010
MAY 12vs LAAL 593000101
MAY 13vs LAAW 642110020
MAY 14vs LAAW 514211300
MAY 16vs SEAL 153000011
MAY 17vs SEAL 144030000
MAY 18vs SEAL 164010000
MAY 20@ TORL 033000011
MAY 21@ TORL 0143000002
MAY 22@ TORL 671000000
MAY 23@ ATLW 213000011
MAY 24@ ATLL 174000001
MAY 25@ ATLW 534010001
MAY 26vs MIAW 434110010
MAY 27vs MIAW 864130110
MAY 28vs MIAL 8104120000
MAY 30vs PITW 323000000
MAY 31vs PITL 053000000
JUN 1vs PITW 643110011
JUN 2@ SFW 104010001
JUN 3@ SFW 325010001
JUN 4@ SFL 563000000
JUN 6@ MILW 203010012
JUN 7@ MILL 344110011
JUN 8@ MILW 103000000
JUN 9vs LADL 784100010
JUN 10vs LADW 1115130201
JUN 11vs LADL 254110001
JUN 13@ AZL 154000000
JUN 14@ AZL 784000100
JUN 15@ AZW 825110101
JUN 16@ LADL 364010100
JUN 17@ LADL 685000000
JUN 18@ LADL 344010101
JUN 19@ LADW 534341100
JUN 20vs KCL 564130010
JUN 21vs KCW 514020001
JUN 22vs KCW 323010010
JUN 23vs WSHL 6103000010
JUN 24vs WSHW 433000110
JUN 27@ CINL 183000000
JUN 28@ CINW 644110011
JUN 29@ CINL 234131100
JUN 30@ PHIL 044030000
JUL 2@ PHIW 643110010
JUL 2@ PHIL 154010002
JUL 4vs TEXW 324000002
JUL 5vs TEXL 475000002
JUL 6vs TEXW 413120010
JUL 7vs AZL 363010011
JUL 8vs AZW 102010010
JUL 9vs AZL 283110000
JUL 10vs AZW 434010101
JUL 11vs PHIW 424130000
JUL 12vs PHIW 543000011
JUL 13vs PHIL 122020020
JUL 18@ WSHW 725120000
JUL 19@ WSHL 244000001
JUL 20@ WSHW 814121410
JUL 21@ MIAW 213110010
JUL 22@ MIAL 344110000
JUL 23@ MIAL 234010000
JUL 24@ STLL 795110002
JUL 25@ STLL 034020000
JUL 26@ STLW 314000000
JUL 27@ STLW 925111100
JUL 28vs NYMW 765130101
JUL 29vs NYMW 714000000
JUL 30vs NYMW 504010012
AUG 1vs STLW 414010000
AUG 2vs STLL 584120000
AUG 3vs STLW 733010101
AUG 4@ AZL 264000000
AUG 5@ AZW 1055221113
AUG 6@ AZW 324221100
AUG 8vs BOSL 2103000001
AUG 9vs BOSW 544221210
AUG 10vs BOSW 624110102
AUG 11@ SFW 414010000
AUG 12@ SFW 514010001
AUG 13@ SFW 1114210010
AUG 15@ LADL 234000001
AUG 16@ LADL 064010000
AUG 17@ LADL 453100002
AUG 18vs SFL 344110001
AUG 19vs SFW 513000002
AUG 21vs SFW 843010200
AUG 22vs LADW 212000100
AUG 23vs LADW 513110211
AUG 24vs LADL 283000003
AUG 25@ SEAL 694010002
AUG 26@ SEAW 763110101
AUG 27@ SEAL 344010001
SEP 23vs MILW 704000001
SEP 24vs MILL 134010000
SEP 26vs AZW 745120000
SEP 27vs AZW 513111202
SEP 28vs AZW 1242110201

Regular season and postseason are separate tables and are never summed into one career line; spring training is excluded entirely. Hitting and pitching come from different source rows, so a two-way player has both tables and neither borrows from the other. Innings pitched is summed as outs and converted once: the stored value counts thirds, so “6.1” means six innings and one out, and adding those as decimals understates a career. ERA and WHIP are computed from those totals rather than averaged across seasons. On-base percentage is (H + BB) over (AB + BB), which runs slightly under the official figure because the source rows carry no hit-by-pitch or sacrifice fly. The charts cover 2015 onward only, and the spray chart plots batted balls with a recorded landing spot: a strikeout or a walk has no location and is not a missing dot. Its field is a representative park, not the one the ball was hit in, because a spray chart pooled across a season is hit in thirty different outfields.